{"id":815,"date":"2022-04-29T23:26:13","date_gmt":"2022-04-29T22:26:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rdu.if.ua\/?p=815"},"modified":"2022-09-17T13:55:07","modified_gmt":"2022-09-17T12:55:07","slug":"interplay-between-reactive-oxygen-and-nitrogen-species-in-living-organisms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rdu.if.ua\/en\/interplay-between-reactive-oxygen-and-nitrogen-species-in-living-organisms\/","title":{"rendered":"Interplay between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in living organisms"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” column_element_spacing=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1651694701988{padding-bottom: 3% !important;}”]\"\"
\n<\/span>In living organisms most oxygen consumed is reduced to water via four-electron reduction. However, few percentages of oxygen are reduced by consecutive one electron mechanisms giving rise to superoxide anion radical, (O2\u2022\u2212), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (HO\u2022) and their derivatives collectively called reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nitric oxide (\u2022NO) is produced at oxidation of arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) or at reduction of nitrites by diverse reductases. Interaction of \u2022NO with O2\u2022\u2212 results in formation of peroxinitrite (ONOO\u2212), a powerful oxidant. Additionally, H2O2 can interact with \u2022NO resulting in HO\u2022 production. Nitric oxide and its derivatives are collectively called reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and together with ROS they form a group of so-called reactive oxygen\/nitrogen species (RONS). Nonspecific effects of RONS are related to their interaction with various components of living organisms, whereas specific effects are based mainly on interaction with specific proteins containing [Fe\u2013S]-clusters and thiol groups of cysteine residues. Most early ROS studies were mainly focused on their deleterious effects, whereas now more delicate mechanisms of their involvement in signaling and toxic processes are under inspection. Studies of RNS activities in biological systems started from their vasodilating effects which lead to discovery of activation of soluble guanylate cyclase. Interestingly, at low ROS and RNS concentrations signaling effects prevail, whereas at their high concentrations they affect biological systems inhibiting due to massive oxidation of cellular components.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][nectar_btn size=”large” open_new_tab=”true” button_style=”see-through” button_color_2=”Accent-Color” color_override=”#2954aa” icon_family=”default_arrow” text=”Read the full article” url=”https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0009279721003185#”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In living organisms most oxygen consumed is reduced to water via four-electron reduction. However, few percentages of oxygen are reduced by consecutive one electron mechanisms giving rise to superoxide anion radical, (O2\u2022\u2212), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (HO\u2022) and their derivatives collectively called reactive oxygen species (ROS).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":994,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-815","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-researches-en"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdu.if.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdu.if.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdu.if.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdu.if.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdu.if.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=815"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/rdu.if.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/815\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":952,"href":"https:\/\/rdu.if.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/815\/revisions\/952"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdu.if.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/994"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rdu.if.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=815"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdu.if.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=815"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rdu.if.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}